Internal Aim - headlamps have the reflector and aiming mechanism located inside the headlamp assembly allowing for adjustability without moving the housing. During the aiming process, the reflector moves independently from the housing. The headlamp attaches to the car through the housing.
External Aim - headlamps have the whole assembly as one unit. Reflector and lens are typically glued together as one unit. During the aiming process, the entire headlamp moves relative to the car.
Aiming Considerations – If the headlamps that are aimed too high will create excessive glare and look like high beams to oncoming drivers. On the other hand headlamps that are aimed too low will cause reduced seeing performance for the driver
Method to correctly aim headlamps
The U.S. vertical aiming standard for a VOL headlamp is 0.4º of drop at 25' (this tends to be 2.1”) and the VOR headlamps has no drop. Measure the distance from ground to the headlight centers, and aim the flat part of the beam cutoff at 25' distance (against a vertical wall) to be 2.1" below the headlight center height. Cover one light with something while aiming the other light, and repeat for the 2nd light. Aim the lights straight ahead for the horizontal. This applies to all headlights: projectors and reflector based. However, it is possible to aim projector a few degrees higher due to sharper cutoff.
This picture shows how the headlamp beam pattern is aligned with respect to the horizontal and vertical lines.
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